The hammer throw is a track-and-field event in which a 7.30-kg ball (the hammer) is whirled around in a circle several times and released. it then moves upward on the familiar curved path of projectile motion and eventually returns to the ground some distance away. the world record for the horizontal distance is 86.75 m, achieved in 1986 by yuriy sedykh. ignore air resistance and the fact that the ball was released above the ground rather than at ground level. furthermore, assume that the ball is whirled around a circle that has a radius of 1.68 m and that its velocity at the instant of release is directed 33.9 ° above the horizontal. find the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the ball just prior to the moment of release.

from 1609, galileo galilei used the recently invented telescope to observe the sun, moon and planets. he saw the mountains and craters of the moon, and for the first time revealed the planets to be worlds in their own right. galileo also provided strong observational evidence that planets orbited the sun.

his discoveries about the moon, jupiter's moons, venus, and sunspots supported the idea that the sun - not the earth - was the center of the universe, as was commonly believed at the time.galileo turned his gaze toward venus, the brightest celestial object in the sky - other than the sun and the moon.

graph slopes whilst gas cools, then it is flat whilst conensation to liquid happens, the coolong liquid then graphs as a slope when it solidifies graph is flat

latent heat